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 Java is a widely used, high-level programming language developed by Sun Microsystems (now owned by Oracle) and released in 1995. It is designed to be platform-independent, allowing developers to write code once and run it on multiple operating systems and devices. Key features and characteristics of Java include: 1. Object-Oriented: Java follows the object-oriented programming (OOP) paradigm, which allows developers to model real-world entities as objects. It supports concepts such as encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism, making it suitable for building modular and reusable code. 2. Platform Independence: Java achieves platform independence through its "Write Once, Run Anywhere" principle. Java code is compiled into platform-independent bytecode, which can be executed on any system with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). This makes Java suitable for developing cross-platform applications. 3. Robust and Secure: Java emphasizes robustness and security by providing features ...